József Peterman spent his entire cycling career representing Újpesti Dózsa in Budapest, becoming a multiple-time national champion. A veteran of the Peace Race, Peterman rode in five consecutive editions from 1969 to 1973, with a best finish of 26th overall in 1971. One year earlier he had become the Hungarian road race champion, helping him to secure a place on the Olympic team. Whilst he failed to finish in the road race at the 1972 München Games, he did place seventh in the team time trial with his compatriots. In 1985 Peterman was named a Lifetime Champion of Újpesti Dózsa. Away from cycling he worked for the Budapest Fire Department, reaching the rank of fire major.