In a 10-year fencing career, Giampaolo Calanchini established himself on the Italian national team and won a bronze medal in the team sabre at the 1960 Roma Olympics, and a silver in the same event at Tokyo four years later. A member of the Virtus Bologna club, Calanchini also participated in the World Fencing Championships of 1958 in Philadelphia, and in four more championships between 1961-66, with him winning a team silver at Paris in 1965. Domestically, Calanchini won the national individual sabre title in 1969. After ending his competitive career Calanchini remained within the sport as a president of the Virtus Bologna club.