Jean-Philippe Rohr made his début as a professional footballer with his hometown club F. C. Metz at the age of 23 when they were coached by Poland´s Henryk Kasperczak. Rohr and Metz won the 1984 French Cup by beating AS Monaco 2-0. After six years at Metz, he joined Nice for the 1985/86 season and the following year moved to Monaco, who won the league title in 1987/88 season.
With the national team, Rohr took part in the 1984 Olympics where he played five games, including the final against Brazil that saw him win the gold medal. Unfortunately, his senior international career lasted just 16 minutes when he came on as a substitute for fellow 1984 Olympic gold medallist Josè Toure in the 1-1 draw with the Soviet Union in Moskva in 1987. The victim of an Achilles heel injury, Rohr ended his career back at Nice at the age of 31. The name of Jean-Philippe Rohr became known again in the 2000s after he became known as one of the best French poker and backgammon players.