| Games | Athlete/Team | Placement | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 Summer Olympics | Derartu Tulu | 1 | Gold |
| Tigist Moreda | 18 | ||
| Luchia Yishak | 21 h2 r1/2 | ||
| 1996 Summer Olympics | Gete Wami | 3 | Bronze |
| Derartu Tulu | 4 | ||
| Berhane Adere | 18 | ||
| 2000 Summer Olympics | Derartu Tulu | 1 | Gold |
| Gete Wami | 2 | Silver | |
| Berhane Adere | 12 | ||
| 2004 Summer Olympics | Ejegayehu Dibaba | 2 | Silver |
| Derartu Tulu | 3 | Bronze | |
| Werknesh Kidane | 4 | ||
| 2008 Summer Olympics | Tirunesh Dibaba | 1 | Gold |
| Ejegayehu Dibaba | 12 | ||
| Mestawet Tufa | DNF | ||
| 2012 Summer Olympics | Tirunesh Dibaba | 1 | Gold |
| Werknesh Kidane | 4 | ||
| Belaynesh Oljira | 5 | ||
| 2016 Summer Olympics | Almaz Ayana | 1 | Gold |
| Tirunesh Dibaba | 3 | Bronze | |
| Gelete Burka | 8 | ||
| 2020 Summer Olympics | Letesenbet Gidey | 3 | Bronze |
| Tsehay Gemechu | DQ | ||
| Tsigie Gebreselama | DNF | ||
| 2024 Summer Olympics | Gudaf Tsegay | 6 | |
| Fotyen Tesfay | 7 | ||
| Tsigie Gebreselama | 10 |