Yugoslavia

Although its official name at the time was the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, Yugoslavia first competed at the Olympics in 1920, although Serbia had already been represented by two athletes in 1912 at Stockholm. From 1920-1988, Yugoslavia appeared at every Summer Olympic celebration, although in 1932 it was represented by a lone track & field athlete. It first appeared at the Olympic Winter Games at their inception in 1924 and has returned every four years with the exception of 1932, and 1960.

In the early 1990s, a civil war caused the country to fall apart. Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina competed independently from 1992 on. Due to an United Nations resolution, athletes from the other republics were forced to compete in Barcelona as Individual Olympic Participants under the Olympic Flag. In 1996, a team again appeared at the Olympics under the name Yugoslavia, but this was essentially the nation later known as Serbia and Montenegro. Macedonia, the remaining republic, appeared independently under the politically correct name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM).

Between 1920 and 1988, Yugoslavia won 87 Olympic medals, including 26 golds. 4 of these medals were won at the Winter Olympics. Their athletes excelled in various team sports, and gymnastics. Leon Štukelj, from present-day Slovenia, won 6 medals in gymnastics, three of them gold.