| Times held | 10 |
|---|---|
| Total participants | 640 |
| Total countries | 119 |
| Year | Event | Status | Participants | NOCs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 50 | 28 |
| 1988 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 70 | 39 |
| 1992 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 47 | 31 |
| 1996 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 88 | 53 |
| 2000 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 53 | 36 |
| 2004 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 82 | 47 |
| 2008 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 81 | 45 |
| 2012 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 118 | 67 |
| 2016 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 156 | 80 |
| 2020 | Marathon, Women | Olympic | 88 | 44 |
| NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kenya | KEN |
2 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
| Japan | JPN |
2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| Ethiopia | ETH |
2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Romania | ROU |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| United States | USA |
1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Portugal | POR |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Unified Team | EUN |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Russian Federation | RUS |
0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Australia | AUS |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Bahrain | BRN |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Norway | NOR |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| East Germany | GDR |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| New Zealand | NZL |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| People's Republic of China | CHN |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Athlete | Nat | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valentina Yegorova | RUS EUN |
1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Rosa Mota | POR |
1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Fatuma Roba | ETH |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Joan Benoit | USA |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Naoko Takahashi | JPN |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Mizuki Noguchi | JPN |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Constantina Diță-Tomescu | ROU |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Tiki Gelana | ETH |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Jemima Sumgong | KEN |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Peres Jepchirchir | KEN |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |